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- WIKIPEDIA: Z-Wave - Outdoors, longer distance.
- WIKIPEDIA: Zigbee - In-home, shorter distance, faster.
Z-Wave LR
Z-Wave Long Range (LR) was announced in September 2020, a new specification with an improved range over regular Z-Wave signals.[8] The specification supports a maximum output power of 30 dBm, which can be used to bolster transmission range by up to several miles. In testing, Z-Wave LR had a transmission distance of 1-mile (1.6 km) direct line of sight utilizing +14-dBm output power.[58] Z-Wave LR is an extra 100-kb/s DSSS OQPSK modulation addition to the Z-Wave protocol. The modulation is treated as a fourth channel, allowing gateways to add LR nodes to the existing Z-Wave channel scanning. Z-Wave LR also increases scalability on a single smart-home network by up to 4,000 nodes, a 20x increase compared to Z-Wave.[58] Z-Wave LR operates on low power so that sensors can last for 10 years on a single coin cell. It is backwards compatible and interoperable with other Z-Wave devices.